Gunawan, Iwan Multiculturalism in Indonesian Comics. Multiculturalism in Indonesian Comics. pp. 1-23.

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Abstract

This essay is a brief report of my research on Indonesian comics. Some Indonesians called them CERGAM, a word that is derived from the first syllable of two words: CERita (story) and GAMbar (picture). This term was very popular in the 1960s to 1970s, the times when Indonesian comics were flourishing. In this paper I will use the term CERGAM interchangeably with the term “Indonesian Comic”. In my opinion, CERGAM are local comics that are both produced and published for the first time in Indonesia. I understand that there are grey areas of the definitions concerning the birth of the Indonesian Comics. We can say that the period of Indonesian Comic formally started from the Indonesian independence (August 17, 1945) or at the time when indigenous comics started to exist in the “Indonesia” region (about 1930s, in the Dutch colonial era). I choose the latter based on my intention to see a complete spectrum of comics in Indonesia. Indonesian comics have grown out of people from a diversity of discourses, cultures and places.

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